It is made up of muscle fibres which are surrounded by protective membranes. The skeletal muscle appears striated when visualized under a microscope. These stripes are known as sarcomeres, which are complexes of proteins responsible for the contraction of the muscle. The sarcomeres are made up of actin and myosin filaments which. Actin is assisted by two other proteins; troponin and tropomyosin. Tropomyosin surrounds the actin filament and stops the myosin head from attaching. The troponin locks tropomyosin in position until signals are sent to initiate contraction.
When the brain sends signals to the muscle, it is received by areas called neuromuscular junctions. This initiates stimulation of signals down the sarcolemma of muscle cells.
The impulse releases calcium instead from a specialized organelle called the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This initiates the process of attaching myosin and actin filaments. When the myosin heads are attached,the ATP is made available and it is used to move one head while the other head is attached. When this process is finished,muscle spindles which have specialized proteins which can sense tension on the muscle. These signals are sent to the brain and any further instructions are sent via the somatic nervous system which controls the skeletal muscles.
The skeletal muscle is responsible for almost every movement and has adapted itself into different shapes and sizes which are found between bones and allows for complex movements. The skeletal muscle allows for every movement such as the crawling of a beetle to the flapping of wings,although some animals have exoskeletons.
Therefore,the skeletal muscle is adapted depending on the animal and is defined by its striations and various connections to the skeleton.
Smooth Muscle:. The smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue which is responsible for applying pressure to vessels and organs in various systems. Just like the other muscle systems mentioned before,the main function of the smooth muscle is help initiate contraction for movement. It also contains the two main filaments,myosin and actin although striations or stripes of the filaments are not visible under the microscope. This is because the actin and myosin filaments, unlike the skeletal and cardiac muscles,have follow a "staircase" arrangements.
This implies that the myosin and actin filaments are situated at angles to each other throughout the cell. The smooth muscle is specialized to contract for long periods of time while holding the force. The smooth muscle has since adapted to many systems in the body. In the circulatory system,the smooth muscle lines every vein and artery and is responsible for controlling the flow of blood according to the stimulus sent by the brain.
The muscles are tested to be stimulated also by the presence or absence of oxygen and will hereafter modify the veins to flow enough oxygen when it is low and visa versa. In the digestive system,the sheets of smooth muscle allow for the process known as peristalsis which is the contraction and relaxation if the oesophagus while swallowing occurs. It is also adapted for contracting irises and due to its control on blood flow,could be responsible for raising hairs on your body.
In some contrast to the skeletal and cardiac muscle,the smooth muscle is adapted for more consistent,elastic tension. Adipose Tissue:. Adipose Tissue is a specialized connective tissue,commonly known as body fat which consists of lipid-rich cells. These cells are called adipocytes. There are two types of adipose tissue. These cells are called adipocytes; white and brown which burn and store energy respectively. White adipose provides a layer of insulation and the brown adipose releases heat energy.
The adipocytes which are found in the tissue store layers energy as triglyceride droplets. These cells also function in the secretion of hormones. The location of adipose tissue changes as the body ages.
Hypodermic white adipose tissue is located above the muscle in an area known as the panniculus adipose which are loosely arranged elastic bands. Brown adipose tissue is responsible for the generation of heat and the production of adipokines. The production of heat involves large numbers of mitochondria as well as a central protein called thermogenic. In a scenario where our bodies are cold,the central sympathetic nervous system releases norepinephrine. This stimulates the mitochondria in the brown adipose tissue to produce heat.
After being released from the mitochondria,the thermogenin reduces ATP production. By doing this, heat is stored up in the tissue as a response to cold temperatures.
The fat cells therefore need to be in direct contact with a blood supply as they absorb fatty acids through the walls of blood vessels. They are converted via lipogenesis and when they are small enough,they enter the adipocytes. Bone Ground Tissue:. Bone ground tissue is a specialized connective tissue which is hard and mineralized. It contains cells, ground substance and fibres. They are covered by another connective tissue called the periosteum.
The bone is responsible for various functions such as support of the body,locomotion,creation of bone marrow, protection of organs and storage of calcium and phosphate ions. There are three types of specialized cells that makeup the bone tissue. The first are osteoblasts which are responsible for building or creating new bones.
Another is the Osteoclast which are cells that break down and reabsorb the bone via phagocytes.. Thirdly, there are osteocytes which are old osteoblasts which do not create new bones but surround the new bones while they grow.
In conclusion,cell specialization plays an important role in the bodily processes of all organisms. It shows how adaptation occurs as the environment changes, which is very important for any organism for surviving in a changing world.
Although small, the specialized cells investigated in this report played vital roles in the overall functionality of basic everyday activities and is someway responsible for carrying out the characteristics of life. Skeletal Muscle Physiology. Anatomy and Physiology. Biga, L, M. Dawson, S. Harwell, A. Hopkins, R. Kaufmann, J. LeMaster, M. Cardiomyocytes Cardiac Muscle Cells. Stecco, C De Caro, R. Gollapudi, S. Chandra, M. Tendon vs.
Autonomic Nervous System. Dwek, J. Agarwal, A. Moorer, M. Clemens, T. Florencio-Silva, R. Sasso, G. Cerri, E. Bonewald, L. F Lattanzi, W. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. Carousel Next. What is Scribd? Bio Lab 3. Full body muscular diagram pdf : Specialized tissue that enable the body … This is a table of skeletal muscles of the human anatomy. Diagram of human anatomy muscle diagram human body anatomy for sculpting.
Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement. There are about muscles in the human body. Specialized tissue that enable the body …. Control of body openings and passages. Human body anatomy and pain charts. From i2. November 08, Specialized tissue that enable the body … Begins with the structural characteristics of bones and muscle mass. Posting Komentar.
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Surah Yusuf ayat 41 QS. Baca selengkapnya. November 16, Untuk biaya transport panggilan wilayah terdekat dari klinik jl. Berikut adalah ikhtisar biaya diagnosis dan perawatan dokter hewan, misalnya.
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